The term, morphology as developed in this work is a study of the functional form of an insect, although details of anatomy or the specific parts of an insect must be described before the functional whole can be grasped. Insects were known to occupy this earth for more than 350 million years, which is a good track record. It is a plate that forms the top of the mouth, helping the. It is a plate that forms the top of the mouth, helping the insect pull pieces of food into the mouth. Insects are cold blooded and have six legs, three main body parts and an exoskeleton. Like any insect, stick insects have six legs, to antennae and their body is divided in three segments. The sheer quantity and diversity of its taxa are matched by a large variation of modifications in its body structure. For example, it is proposed often as a morphological model the grasshopper orthoptera. General morphology of the brain of the blind cave beetle. One of the largest insect orders, it numbers more than 125,000 species that are relatively small, with soft bodies. Segmented bodies paired, segmented appendages bilateral symmetry exoskeleton dorsal heart and open circulatory system ventral nerve cord. General entomology course information course description biol.
Class insecta contains all insects and belong to the phylum arthropoda. The early fossil record of insects is scarce, with only few finds in the devonian. A typical characteristic of beetles are the hard elytra. Because they lack backbones, they are invertebrates. The insects body is divided into three functional regions tagmata. Insect morphology and systematics pdf book agrimoon. New 5 th edition now available an introduction to the aquatic insects of north america serves as a standard guide on the immature and adult stages of aquatic and semiaquatic insects of north america.
Snodgrass produced a wealth of publications that display an accuracy and precision still unsurpassed. Their numbers are nothing short of remarkable both in terms of how many individual insects there are, as well as how many species of insects there are. The high rate of speciation, short generations and long lineage have caused insects to evolve in many ways resulting in very large variations in morphology. The biology and external morphology of bees with a synopsis of the genera of northwestern america w. Insects photographic atlas of entomology and guide to insect identification how to know the immature insects insects and diseases of woody plants of the central rockies pests of the west book title list handout. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. There are more species of insects than there are species of all other animals combined. Flies, unlike many other insects, only have one pair of true wings. Basic insect morphology science literacy and outreach. Hemiptera includes terrestrial and aquatic insects, and members of the order may also be found on plants and animals. It contains the body fluids and affords protection from desiccation and predators. E xample of typical beetle morphology, including elytra hard outer wing, membranous underwing, and leg sections. An introduction to the aquatic insects of north america. A talented artist as well as one of the leading entomologists of his day, robert e.
Morphology of mouthparts in general, mouthparts of insects are composed of four components. Topics include morphological and anatomical adaptations, evolution, classification. Insects are distinguished from other arthropods by their body, which is divided into three major regions. The morphology of the abdomen is substantially determined by morphoanatomic adaptation, in both sexes, as a function of the reproduction. Because lifeform attributes reflect habitat and feeding preferences, lifeform morphology may be used as a tool to determine feeding habitats of grasshoppers from given areas. The body is comprised of 3 distinct body regions head, thorax, and abdomen. This pages will give you some general information about stick insects, like their morphology, their senses, their way of development and their natural habitat and behavior. To study specializations and adaptability of structures such as the mouthparts, antennae, legs, wings and pronotum.
Like any insect species, the adult butterfly has six legs, two antennae, two wings, a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The internal organs of insects, like those of other animals, are grouped into various systems. Most of the time when talking about insects, we will say morphology instead of anatomy. Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. The morphology of insects enables the phenomenal success of this class of arthropods. Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods. Jun 08, 20 insect external morphology nancy miorelli. General aspects general morphology genera and species identification sensory organs mosquito feeding developmental cycle control media gallery. Learn the basic external morphology of insects and how it is used in classification. The morphology of the beetle follows a quite uniform scheme. Caterpillars have a head, followed by a section with six legs and then a section with ten prolegs some species have less prolegs or none at all. Insects are the most successful life form on the planet. Reasons for dominance insect morphology and systematics 8. This is a series of metameres that together comprises the exoskeleton.
Still the standard reference in the english language, principles of insect morphology is considered the authors masterpiece. Learn more about insects, both their similarities and their differences. The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. In general, the 10 urites one of the segments of the abdomen or postabdomen are reduced to a lower number of urites because of structural modifications of the first urite and the last. General external morphology flashcards from julianne s. General organization of the insect insects explained.
Ent 4015 ornamentals and turf entomology insect morphology. Scott department of biological sciences university of alberta supported in part by academic technologies for learning and faculty of science, university of alberta these modules are designed primarily for use in introductory entomology courses at the university of alberta. In fact, there are so many insects that no one knows quite how to count them all the. Apr 23, 2008 this powerpoint discusses the basic facts and characteristics of insects for an educational purpose. This classic text, first published in 1935, is once again available. References and images used in original key and database original key and database developed by sara mitchell, maryjo germain, charlotte dotson, renee millard and amanda mccreless. This powerpoint discusses the basic facts and characteristics of insects for an educational purpose. Their length, including in females the head, thorax and abdomen and in males the coxites, is 1.
The study of form and function insects are arthropods. True bugs of interest many of the true bug species are interesting and have distinct behaviors that distinguish them from other bugs. A second risk in submitting dry insects is that they are very fragile. Insects have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and external skeletons exoskeletons. This illustration shows general areas of an insect wing. The difference between morphology and anatomy is that anatomy deals with the internal structure of an organism and usually is used to refer to humans, whereas morphology deals with the structure of the entire. Apr 25, 2014 course outlines o general introductory lecture. It offers information on the distribution, tolerance values, trophic relationships, and functional adaptations of aquatic insects that allows an additional tool for categorizing them. Dipteran, order diptera, any member of an order of insects containing the twowinged or socalled true flies.
Mosquitoes are small 36 mm, twowinged insects belonging to the family culicidae of the order diptera twowinged flies. Dallwitz general morphology of coleoptera, upper side general morphology contents. The internal anatomy of an insect the robinson library. Basic insect morphology science literacy and outreach nebraska. Insect, class insecta or hexapoda, any member of the largest class of the phylum arthropoda, which is itself the largest of the animal phyla. But these systems differ in many ways from those of other animals. Entomology is an introduction to insects and their allies. The scientific latin name of the order is coleoptera, which translates to sheathed wings. General morphology of the brain of the blind cave beetle 363 pons cerebralis the pons cerebralis is located in the anteriomedial region of the brain lying between the calyces of the corpora pedunculata and anterior to the central body figs. The comparative morphology of stenorrhachus walkeri maclachlan and of nemopterella sp. Head, thorax, abdomen head the head of an insect is composed of mainly rigid sclerites or sclerotized segments. An insect s body has three major body parts, including a head, thorax and abdomen. Entomology instructors often teach insect morphology by dissecting an insect into its many parts.
This has given the insects great variety of adoptions under different conditions. Textbooks of general entomology are usually referring to insects characterized by a primitive morphology and little specialized. Torchio introduction entomologists, botanists, and agriculturists all have occasion to concern themselves with bees. Insect morphology an overview sciencedirect topics. This site serves students of ent 425 at nc state university, and anyone interested in learning more about entomology. Factors for insects abundance classification of phylum arthropoda upto classes. In general, movie insects also have the three characteristic body regionshead, thorax, and abdomenthat differentiate them from other arthropods. General information about butterflies keeping insects. In this lab you will examine a preserved grasshopper and learn to recognize and identify the various parts of an insects body.
The general plan of this study establishes a typical insect form for comparative purposes, which basically represents most insects, as we know them today. Caelifera, because this insect lacks special skills and is easily observable for the large size. Diagnosticians joke that such dissection services are rendered freely by the. Insects insecta are the most diverse of all animal groups. Grasshoppers, and orthoptera in general, are well known for their behavior, particularly the sounds that they produce. It is the most diverse group of organisms on earth. In the diagram on the left side the basic morphology of a beetle is shown carabus auratus, dorsal view. Although many winged insects are commonly called flies, the name is strictly applicable only to members of diptera. General external morphology entomology 220 with maya evenden at university of alberta studyblue flashcards. Insects have a hard protective covering called an exoskeleton.